An Investigation into the Relationship between Anxiety and...

According to Merriam Webster online dictionary anxiety is â€Å"An abnormal and overwhelming sense of apprehension and fear often marked by physiological signs (as sweating, tension, and increased pulse), by doubt concerning the reality and nature of the threat, and by self-doubt about ones capacity to cope with it†. In addition, depression is defined by the Oxford online dictionary as â€Å"A mental condition characterized by severe feelings of hopelessness and inadequacy, typically accompanied by a lack of energy and interest in life†. Brendel (2008) highlighted, the relationship between anxiety and depression is a very close as the symptoms of anxiety disorders often overlap with depression. Furthermore, individuals with major depression are†¦show more content†¦Anxiety and depression is a condition often affecting university students on a daily basis, as a university student myself, this is something I can attest to be true. The workload in university can become quite overwhelming for the most part but is bearable once we discover ways of approaching and dealing with them. Hence, as students, we rely on other elements and factors to assist us in finding a variety or coping mechanisms to dealing with the daily challenges facing us. One of those coping strategies is relying heavily on our internal and external support system, which is for most of us, the most important, and effective way of dealing with adversities during our study tenure. A study was conducted by Jale EldeleklÄ ±oÄŸlu which titled The Relationship between the Perceived Social Support and the Level of Depression and Anxiety in University Students, was done on 325 (200 being females and 125 males who were all aged between 18 and 21, with the mean age = 20.41) attending to different universities. According to the EldeleklÄ ±oÄŸlu (2006), who referenced (Cuhadaro.lu Yaz†ºc†º, 1999; Kashani Orvaschel, 1988), the most common psychological problems in adolescence are depressionShow MoreRelatedIntroduction Published in May 2011 the paper entitled â€Å"The relation of depression and anxiety in1300 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Published in May 2011 the paper entitled â€Å"The relation of depression and anxiety in academic achievement among group of university students† is a cross-sectional study that attempts to establish the connection between academic achievement, and depression. In this paper, it is my intention to critique the aforementioned paper and provide an overview on the following areas, methods and samples, subjects and outcome measures, results, critical evaluation and the contribution to medicalRead MoreThe Role Of Childhood Maltreatment And Symptoms Of Depression, Social Anxiety, And Generalized Anxiety809 Words   |  4 Pages1. Full APA style reference Asberg, Kia. Hostility/Anger as a Mediator Between College Students’ Emotion Regulation Abilities and Symptoms of Depression, Social Anxiety, and Generalized Anxiety. The Journal of Psychology 147.5: 469-90. Print. 2. What is the specific topic the article is addressing? (i.e. the role of childhood maltreatment in eating disorders? The effect of exercise on stress levels?) The authors of this study are interested in how decreased emotional regulation is relatedRead MoreSleep And Academic Performance For Undergraduates : A Multi Measure, Multi Predictor Approach1244 Words   |  5 Pagesmental health, stress, anxiety, happiness, anger, hopelessness, etc B. Study 3: i. Rumination and anxiety mediate the effect of loneliness on depressed mood and sleep quality in college students C. Summarize Study 3: i. Observed relationships between loneliness and depressed mood and poor sleep quality in college students. First study to see if rumination and trait anxiety are psychological mechanisms. D. Results of Study 3: i. Consistent results: rumination and trait anxiety fully mediated the associationsRead MoreReport On Depression Identifying And Identifying Causes5369 Words   |  22 Pages STUDENT ID: 14005361 Module Title and Code: Health Promotion SH5001 / SH5F01 Assessment 02 Coursework Title: Report on Depression Identifying and Describing Causes. Aims and Objective, Health and Safety Measures Read MoreThe Prevalence Of Overweight / Obesity1616 Words   |  7 Pagesof overweight/obesity in African-American children. One related it to the low socioeconomic status of the caregivers (SEP) and this study/research was conducted in Pitt County, North Carolina. The other research, four childhood obesity perceptions among African-American caregivers in a rural area Georgia community relates overweight/obesity on the parents’ level of education, income, eating habits and lack of physical activities compared to calorie intake, rural areas lack parks, sidewalks, and otherRead MoreThe Negative Aspects Of A Career1369 Words   |  6 Pagesadults in the the U.S. experience stress or anxiety daily. In specific, CRNA’s are faced with severely high stress and anxiety which can result in devastating and extremely risky illnesses and symptoms. A CRNA’s roles and responsibilities can be extremely difficult and are one of the main reasons why they have to experience such high levels of stress and anxiety. Student Registered Nurse Anesthetist or SRNAs also have to face high levels of stress and anxiety when preparing for this career. CRNA’s areRead MoreResearch Study : Relationships Of Eating Competence, Sleep Behaviors And Quality, And Overweight Status Among College Students Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pages1) Research Study: Relationships of eating competence, sleep behaviors and quality, and overweight status among college students Intro: Lack of sleep has been identified as a major public health issue found to contribute to chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes (type 2) and hypertension. As sleeping habits worsened over the years, obesity and unhealthy eating trends continued to climb. In contrast cross-sectional studies support the notion that sufficient sleep promotes â€Å"health related behaviorsRead MoreEffects Concerning School-Age Bullying: A Retrospective Examination of College Students Experiences3654 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Retrospective examination of college students experiences and effects concerning school-age bullying Table of Contents Abstract: 3 Introduction: 4 Childhood Teasing: 4 School age bullying: 6 Experiences of college Students: 7 Long term Consequences: 8 Relationship with Interpersonal Functioning: 9 Relationship with anxiety and depression: 10 Relationship with trust: 11 Relationship with quality of friendship: 12 Coping Strategy: 12 Conclusion: 13 References: 15 Abstract: Read MoreThe Generational Conflict Of Social Media1658 Words   |  7 PagesOften throughout history there have been contention between generations, as the older generation disapproves of the younger generation’s attitudes and morals (Cortez). As social values and priorities change and evolve, for better or for worse, the older generation are often nostalgic for â€Å"the good old days† while the younger generation often embrace and even find relief in the new lifestyle. This generational conflict can be seen today in the disdain many older adults have with the so-called MillennialRead MoreThe Effects Of Meditation On Stress Management1581 Words   |  7 PagesAmberton University Introduction Over the past few years, I have developed more and more stress in my life. I have issues with being overwhelmed and being anxious. Throughout this period of added stress and building anxiety, I have searched for ways to help manage those things. I wanted to be able to relax. I wanted to be able to focus, remain calm, and remain happy. I needed to do all of these things in order to be productive. One of the ways to manage my stress, reduce my anxiety, remain

Qualitative Research Quantitative Research - 4141 Words

Qualitative Research Design: Qualitative research is a formative method of research that is preferred by many researchers as allows the researcher to use several techniques to gather information by seeking answers to research questions. Merriam (2005) stated, â€Å"Qualitative research is interested in how meaning is constructed, how people make sense of their lives and their worlds. The primary goal of a basic qualitative study is to uncover and interpret these meanings† (p. 24).Qualitative research has been proven to be a very effective way to address research. There are several methods used to gather information using a qualitative research approach. Qualitative research does not focus on numbers and experiments as compared to other research methods. According to William (2005, p.85) qualitative data collection methods emerged after it has become known that traditional quantitative data collection methods were unable to express human feelings and emotions. More as it allows a researcher to explore one s perceptions, and feelings on a topic. Qualitative is a very effective way to conduct research to gather rich in-depth data. Creswell (2007) claimed that qualitative research is an opportunity to develop an understanding of the experiences from the perspective of the individuals or group being studied through a particular theoretical lens. There are several methodologies associated with qualitative research; including, case studies, phenomenology, and several others.Show MoreRelatedQualitative Research : Qualitative And Quantitative Research854 Words   |  4 Pageswhat come to mind when thinking about qualitative and quantitative research. In other words, quantitative research utilizes numbers while qualitative research does not. Another noteworthy distinction between the two methods lies in data collection. Unlike qualitative research which is employed to transform data into statistics, qualitative research is utilized to gain a deeper understanding or underlying opinions, reaso ns and motivations. Quantitative research is exploratory in the sense that it attemptsRead MoreQualitative Research And Quantitative Research917 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to carry out my research, there were two feasible arguments to using qualitative research and quantitative methods. Qualitative research is recording information that express information about feelings, values and attitudes using words, whereas quantitative research uses data that is expressed in numerical form using descriptive and inferential statistics (Lindlof Taylor, 2002). Quantitative research is useful when measuring facts and is structured using characterised surveys and statisticalRead MoreQualitative Research On Quantitative Research1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe qualitative research method involves analysing data, such as words, pictures or objects. It is more subjective, and requires the researcher to interpret data in order to form thematic ideas. Quantitative research can gather a large amount of data that can be e asily organised and manipulated into reports for analysis. It often includes one to one interview. It utilises open- ended questions. This means that the researcher has to interpret their findings. Moreover, in qualitative research isRead MoreQuantitative Research : Qualitative Research825 Words   |  4 PagesPoints of Consideration for this Qualitative Research Skinner, Tagg, and Holloway (2000) stressed that engaging in qualitative research demands an understanding of some of the drawbacks associated with doing this type of research. 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Qualitati ve research is particularly effectiveRead MoreQualitative Research : Quantitative Research Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesQualitative research explains, describes and characterizes the subject of investigation by focusing on words rather than numbers. It mainly collects the non-numerical data to describe a problem and helps to create ideas for further research. In qualitative research, data are collected through focus groups, interviews, direct observation or evaluation of archival material such as newspapers. Qualitative research has a qualitative dimension and relies on the background and context to analyze data.Read MoreQualitative Research And Quantitative Research1675 Words   |  7 Pages Qualitative research and Quantitative research Qualitative research Defilation Qualitative research is a method used in different academic disciplines, generally in social science, but also in research and further contexts. Qualitative researchers aim to attain detailed understanding of human behavior rand the reasons that govern such behavior. The qualitative method investigates the why and how of decision making, not just what, where, when. Hence, smallerRead MoreQuantitative and Qualitative Research1006 Words   |  5 PagesQuantitative and Qualitative Research Sheri Doubleday May 16, 2011 Research procedures depends on the analyzing data and questions on the topic being researched. All research can be differentiated on the basis of whether its methodology produces mostly numerical data (e.g., scores and measurements) or mostly narrative data (e.g., verbal descriptions and opinions) (Mertler, C. amp; Charles, C. 2011, p 24). Qualitative research and quantitative research are two types of research methods. Read MoreQualitative Research : Quantitative Research Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesQualitative research is scientific research based on something that cannot be correctly and precisely measured (University of Wisconsin-Madison-Health Services Ebling Library, 2016). Qualitative research is biased and uses preliminary reasoning to combine data (University of Wisconsin-Madison-Health Services Ebling Library, 2016). Qualitative research establishes theories to help explain the phenomena while focusing on the experiences and opinions of all study subjects (Verhoef Ca sebeer, 1997)Read MoreQualitative And Quantitative And Qualitative Research1972 Words   |  8 Pagesworld of research, there are two general approaches to gathering and reporting information qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative approach to research is focused on understanding a phenomenon from a closer perspective. The quantitative approach tends to approximate phenomena from a large number of individuals using survey methods. There has been widespread debate in recent years within many of the social sciences regarding the relative merits of quantitative and qualitative strategies

Development Of Coronary Heart Disease Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

In this essay I will debate about the relationship between high blood pressure and type 2 mellitus diabetes ( T2DM ) . Hypertension has a taking factor to play in cardiovascular diseases ; high blood pressure and diabetes affect the vascular tree. Hypertension is a long lasting status which makes the blood force per unit area rise above the normal norm, 90 % of high blood pressure is indispensable they can be classed as two different types primary and secondary, when you get high blood force per unit area because of other factors such as the kidneys or tumours this is known as secondary high blood pressure. We will write a custom essay sample on Development Of Coronary Heart Disease Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Type 1 Diabetes is when your organic structure fails to bring forth insulin and requires insulin to be injected. Type 2 diabetes is when the organic structure is n’t utilizing insulin in a correct and most efficient manner. Atherosclerosis vascular disease is besides known as coronary artery disease ; this is the thickener of the arterias and builds up of fat stuffs like cholesterin. Connery bosom disease is when there is a obstruction in your Connery arterias because of fatty acids and stops the blood being pumped around the organic structure. The major factor to shots and bosom onslaughts is due because of relentless high blood pressure. From the NHS web site I can find that Connery bosom disease is the biggest slayer in the UK, at least 300,000 people dice of Connery bosom disease every twelvemonth impacting 1 in every 4 work forces and 1 in every 6 adult females. From the national UK nose count they say that the most common cause for the past 90 old ages has been Connery bosom disease, see table 1.1 ( from the tabular array you can see that in merely England and Wales disk shape disease is the most common. As age increases the opportunity of acquiring Connery bosom disease increases every bit good this is because of your immune system non working every bit good and because of the unhealthy life style being lived with non adequate exercising. Table 1.1 Connery bosom disease occurs when the Connery arteries subdivision of from the chief aorta this is merely above the aortal valve, when fatty acids build up in the blood vas walls and shorten the transition manner of the blood to flux through. From the NHS web site I can find that Connery bosom disease is the UK biggest slayer, around 300,000 people have a bosom onslaught each twelvemonth there is about 1 in 6 adult females deceasing from the disease and around 1 in 4 work forces. Connery bosom disease when there are big sums of cholesterin in your organic structure this can besides take to atherosclerosis. In the US these figures are a batch higher the hazard of holding |CHD over 40 is 49 % for work forces and 32 % for adult females there has been a lessening in the figure of deceases from CHD for people aged 65 and under. But for people over the age of 65 there is a lessening in the figure of people deceasing from CHD but it is well more that people aged 65 and under. This is due to the life manner people have changed over the old ages. CHD decease rate as a per centum of 1980 rate among work forces and adult females aged 55-64 old ages in England and Wales ‘s clip span of 1980-1995 Type 2 diabetes can be genetically inherited non all is bad, some of them are good heritage they help forestall type 2 diabetes. A major factors for diabetes is obesity, from my statistics I can see that the national Centre for the wellness shows us that there is around 60 million corpulent people, this is because there is a higher hazard of insulin opposition because it interferes with the organic structure to utilize the insulin. The figure of kids with type 2 mellitus diabetes has besides increased. 90 % of people that have been diagnosed with type diabetes were overweight. There is excessively much fat in the organic structure and there is non adequate fiber and simple saccharides these all aid to the diagnosing of diabetes. Eating good and right can change by reversal these reactions and they can forestall type 2 diabetes. Peoples who have household diagnosed with type 2 diabetes have a greater hazard in developing it themselves. African Americans have a familial temperament tow ards type 2 diabetes. Age besides has a large part. FIG 1.2 Diabetes is when there is an addition in glucose and it rises above the normal degree, type 2 diabetes can besides be inherited genetically non wholly inherited diabetes is bad because some aids to forestall diabetes. From the national wellness statistics I can see that there is around 60 million corpulent people, fleshiness has a immense contributing factor to diabetes, the larger a individual is the higher the opportunity of the insulin being wasted and insulin opposition, type 2 diabetes increases the opportunities of a cardio vascular bosom disease this is due to your bosom working harder to get the better of the little sums of glucose being turned into glucose. If there is high degree of glucose or even if there is non plenty in your organic structure for a long period of clip this can damage the blood vass and can take to bosom onslaughts, shots and hapless circulation. Atherlersiosis is a status that hardens the arterias ; the arterias are blood vessles which carry rich O blood around your organic structure. The arterias harden due to the physique up of plaque this causes them to contract over clip and because of the arterias being narrowed there is less blood being pumped around the organic structure and to your bosom. The Plaque inside the Connery arterias is made up of fat, Ca and cholesterin, this status is known as coronary artery disease. This status causes the arterias to lose they elasticity ; this restricts the blood flow and causes high blood pressure which is addition of the blood force per unit area. This makes the arterial force per unit area to increase and causes the bosom musculus to work twice every bit difficult to pump the sum of blood a normal bosom would pump, these lending factors could take up to hold shots or even bosom onslaughts. Atherelerosis development is foremost when the fatty run is followed by the formation of plaqu e and so characterised of the increasing sum of macrophage and froth cells. Looking at FIG 1.3 you can see that A is a healthy arteria that would pump blood around the organic structure without a job, but from B you can see that there is a build up of plaque and this arteria would hold problem pumping blood about. Many people that have this status are incognizant but merely happen out after they have had a shot or a bosom onslaught, the chief intervention that is used for atherlerosis is to alter your life style, there are medical interventions and medical specialties that you can take to assist populate a healthier life style. Type 11 mellitus diabetes ; high blood pressure is linked together and all lead up to impacting the bosom. Age has a major function to play as this is an uncountable factor by acquiring one of these status e.g. high blood pressure this may take to atherlerosocis. All 3 conditions play a major function in impacting the bosom and barricading the blood vass. First if type 11 mellitus diabetes is developed and non looked after and controlled the sum of glucose will lift, as the glucose rises this puts force per unit area on the kidneys to increase their working rate to interrupt down the glucose and halt it from developing into cholesterin. When there is a build up of glucose and the is excessively much strain on the kidneys they begin to neglect and can non maintain up and this leads to cholesterol being deposited into the blood vass, as above in FIG 1.3 as cholesterin is deposited into the blood vass this leads to the physique up of plaque and eventually leads to atherolerosis. This ca uses the blood vass to halt working decently as it has restricted the blood flow, this changes the manner the blood is flowed through the arterias and leads to high blood pressure. Atherlerosis is the major cause of Hypertension. Hypertension has a prima function to play to Connery bosom disease this is the blood vass are already strained by the physique up of plaque and high blood pressure increases the strain which causes the blood vass to rupture and rend. The force per unit area builds up in the blood vass and the blood is filled in the cryings which cause coagulums and this leads to Connery bosom disease. The best manner in commanding conary bosom disease and handling it is to keep a healthy life manner. By commanding emphasis degrees will assist forestall high blood pressure, seeking to avoid emphasis and nerve-racking state of affairss and maintaining a positive head. Exerting on a regular basis helps the variety meats to work decently the NHS say at least 4-5 per hebdomad for exercising is required. To drop cholesterin degrees eating a balanced diet with at least 5 parts of fruit and vegetable and cutting back on fatso nutrients and saccharides. Eating meats in moderate parts will besides assist. Cuting back on tea, java and intoxicant can assist cut down the physique up of plaque and atherlerosis. Stevens, RJ et Al 2005 says A glass of ruddy wine daily is good for the bosom. Drug intervention for conary bosom disease is different for each person as the physicians prescribe you medication on your life style and side effects. Low doses of acetylsalicylic acid could be given as this helps to forestall blood curdling and reduces the hazard of bosom onslaughts. ACE inhibitors could be taken these aid to handle high blood force per unit area besides known as high blood pressure, this causes the blood vass to loosen up and widen and assist to take down the blood force per unit area. The drugs nitrates may besides be used this helps to forestall thorax strivings and besides widens the vass. To assist command cholesterin degrees a statin drug is used these types of drugs are merely prescribed after the non-drug interventions described as above have all been extinguished this drug helps to forestall shots and bosom onslaughts. The chief types of drugs that are used to assist handle conary bosom disease are lipid-lowering medicines and ACE inhibitors. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/conditions/Coronary-heart-disease/Pages/Introduction.aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //www.healthcentral.com/heart-disease/drugs.html How to cite Development Of Coronary Heart Disease Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Monopoly and Oligopoly Market Structures †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Monopoly and Oligopoly Market Structures. Answer: Introduction: Economies of scale denote a cost advantage that results from an increase in output of a product. When production grows, it leads to lower average costs in the long run and hence economies of scale. This advantage takes place due to the inverse correlation between the average costs and the quantity produced. The higher the amount of a product generated, the lower the average costs since the costs are spread over a big number of goods(Mankiw Cosgrove, 2014, p.29). The economies of scale are necessary because they enable a company to become more efficient as it increases in size. For instance, in this airline industry, Qantas is dominant, and it is said to be well cashed up, a scenario that demonstrates that this company is benefiting from the economies of scale. Moreover, the focus on Virgin Blues leisure travel makes it boost its productivity and thus economies of scale. Economies of scale are most important in a monopoly and oligopoly market structures. The existence of a monopoly company and oligopolistic firms depends on their ability to maintain barriers to market entry. The economies of scales make a monopoly business to lower the average cost of every unit of output and thus such company is in a position to reduce the prices to bar other companies from entering the market. Likewise, an oligopoly generates goods that exhibit significant economies of scale where the cost of making each unit decreases with large quantities. Such economies deter other companies from entering the market because of little market share that can be gained and that the returns would not be sufficient to be profitable(Frank, 2015, p.41). In 2002-2003, the Australian airline industry fell under oligopoly market structure. Oligopoly entails a market structure where a few companies dominate the market, selling either differentiated or homogenous product and with significant hurdles to market entry. Interdependence is also another vital feature of oligopoly market structure(Tucker, 2016, p.34). The companies are interdependent in decision-making because any alteration in the product or price by a firm will have a direct consequence on the other businesses. The 2002-03 Australian airline industry exhibit characteristics of an oligopoly market structure. Foremost, there are a few firms in this sector, that is, Qantas and Virgin Blue. Since there are only two companies in this industry, this oligopoly can be categorized as a duopoly market structure. Although there exist only two companies, this industry is dominated by Qantas meaning that Qantas has a larger market share than Virgin Blue. Measures by each company to defend its market share show how decisions of one firm affect the other company. For example, Qantas is focusing mainly on leisure travel on the main trunk routes. On the other hand, Virgin Blue is protecting its market share through service innovations and upgrades. Furthermore, the existence of only two companies in this airline industry shows that Qantas and Virgin Blue have erected significant barriers to new market entrants. The economy of France is in a contraction phase of the business cycle. This reasoning is based on several factors. Firstly, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is on the decline as shown by the drop in the growth rates. The previous GDP growth rate was 0.5% while the recent is 0.4%. The level of unemployment in this economy is also high, that is, 9.6%. This scenario exhibits that the businesses in France have reduced their workforce while others have stopped the hiring of new employees. The decline in the general prices in this economy signifies that the aggregate demand is deteriorating. Usually, as the total demand deteriorates, the real Gross Domestic Product declines, and unemployment rises(Hubbard et al., 2016, p.36). The aggregate demand refers to the overall demand for goods and services in an economy. This component is critical in stimulating economic growth and development in a country. In the efforts to keep the budget deficit under 3% of the Gross Domestic Product as stipulated by the Eurozone rules, France has sucked money out of the economy. This measure has been detrimental to consumption levels and investment in the economy. As the consumer consumption reduces, the business community is also affected. The companies reduce output and scale back their investments causing the economy to contract and unemployment to rise(Gillespie, 2014, p.54). On the graph one above, a drop in the aggregate demand due to deteriorating consumption and investment levels is demonstrated by the change in the aggregate demand curve leftward from AD1 to AD2. This shift leads to a drop in the real Gross Domestic Product from Y2 to Y1 and also a decrease in the general prices in the economy from P2 to P1. Variations in the components of the aggregate demand will result in a change in the economic development of the country. Foremost, for economic growth to occur, the consumption and investment spending needs to be increased. The government often plays a significant role in increasing consumption and investment. For instance, the government can reduce the interest rates to make borrowing cheaper(Boyes Melvin, 2012, p.40). Consumers will borrow more and hence an increase in consumption. High consumption levels and low cost of borrowing will encourage businesses to invest more leading to an increase in employment creation and finally economic expansion. However, it should be noted that low-interest rates do not guarantee that the individuals will borrow money. There must be confidence among the consumers and investors. The increase in government spending and a reduction in taxes will also increase the aggregate demand and hence economic growth(Hubbard O'Brien, 2013, p.72). Additionally , an increase in export earnings will make the aggregate demand to increase and consequently result in economic growth. Change in the Aggregate Supply Over the long term, economic growth is influenced by factors that cause a rightward shift in the long run aggregate supply. If there is no increase in the Long Run Aggregate Supply, then growth in the Aggregate Demand will be inflationary(Blanchard Johnson, 2013, p.64). Foremost, the critical infrastructures like roads, rail, water, and sewerage as well electricity should be improved help companies to reduce the cost involved in the production and thus expand their output. Human capital should also be enhanced to boost the productivity of employees. The growth in labor productivity can enable the businesses to deploy more refined production processes and hence become more efficient. Furthermore, the strength of labor market is critical in influencing the Long Run Aggregate Supply(Nils Gottfries; Palgrave Macmillan., 2013, p.56). Therefore, the labor markets should be more flexible to permit the companies to hire the appropriate workforce. The article proposes the use of expansionary fiscal instruments to stimulate economic growth in France. The government is argued to stimulate aggregate demand by increasing government expenditure on various schemes such as welfare benefits. There is also the need for the government to reduce the taxes imposed on consumers and the business community. The increase in public expenditure and the reduction of taxes will help to stimulate the aggregate demand and result in an increase in economic growth and job creation. Investing in education will result in improvement in the productivity whereas infrastructure will reduce the cost of doing business. As a result, the aggregate supply will shift rightward from SRAS1 to SRAS2. This change will lead rise in the real Gross Domestic Product and a drop in the general prices. The long-run aggregate supply is represented by the vertical line. Bibliography Blanchard, O. Johnson, D.R., 2013. MACROECONOMICS. Boston : Pearson. Boyes, W.J. Melvin, M., 2012. Macroeconomics. Mason, OH: South Western. Frank, R.H., 2015. Microeconomics and behavior. New York, NY : McGraw-Hill Education. Gillespie, A., 2014. Foundations of economics. Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press. Hubbard, R.G., Garnett, A., Lewis, P.E.T. O'Brien, A.P., 2016. Essentials of economics. 3rd ed. Melbourne, Victoria: Pearson Australia, [2016]. Hubbard, R.G. O'Brien, A.P., 2013. Macroeconomics. Boston ; Montreal : Pearson. Mankiw, N.G. Cosgrove, S., 2014. Principles of microeconomics. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Nils Gottfries; Palgrave Macmillan., 2013. Macroeconomics. Basingstoke ; New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Tucker, I., 2016. Microeconomics For Today. Australia : South-Western: Cengage Learning.